Physical Development of Children in Middle Childhood Essay

This topic considers what the physical development of children in ‘middle childhood (6-10)’ is, and how their physical needs in the learning environment can be accommodated. The key elements taken into consideration would be the development of motor skills for the selected age group and the influences of the specified group. The benefits of physical activity and the consequences of prolonged inactivity, how a student’s development can be facilitated or restricted through development in other areas with the use of physical activity and issues of health and well being in the learning environment to accommodate or support the physical needs and development of the students in the specified age group. Accounts and ideas by specialists in the†¦show more content†¦It is stated by McInerney McInerney that â€Å"Overemphasis on one type of developmental readiness – such as reading readiness, for example – may preclude learners from demonstrating that they are more capable in other areas of performance† (McInerney, D.M McInerney, V. 2002) Therefore the same theory would apply to a student having physical developmental readiness. Through physical activity students’ grow their motor skills and enables them to utilise them in learning environments such as the class room. In kindergarten students the motor skills would be a lot less developed that that if a year 6 student, so when planning a physical activity this needs to be taken into account. The benefits of implementing physical activity into the curriculum of students’ are not only a valuable asset to the students’ health and well being, but also to their learning development. Physical activity promotes healthy growth and development of the cardio respiratory system, enabling oxygen to travel throughout their bodies helping with healthy muscle and bone growth in children. Physical activity also promotes social health benefits in children giving them more confidence and vital social skills development â€Å"Our Bodies and our brains are adapted to regular exercise, and they do not function well without it† (Aamodt, S Wang, S 2011 Pg 136). WithShow MoreRelatedCharacteristics of children in middle childhood Essay1162 Words   |  5 PagesHuman development refers to the processes of change and stability throughout human life. The early stages of development in children are important in their life span. Children in middle childhood are those who are in the age between 6 to 11 years old. Most children in middle childhood start their formal education in primary school. In this stage, they have more opportunities to expose themselves to people and environment they had never known. In general, children in middle childhood are characterizedRead MoreThe Importance of Physical Activity Essay1545 Words   |  7 PagesThe teaching profession plays a fundamental role in educating children. Some of which include physical activity Teachers engage in many roles in student’s learning, some of which are more challenging and important than others and all which contribute to a child’s development. The process of childhood development is dynamic, recognised by various fields including the influential society, inherited characteristics through genetics, and the psychological behaviour of the child. These fields all playRead MorePhysical Activity Essay1410 Words   |  6 Pagesneed to know also learn how physical activity has the potential to prevent health risks from young children. One of these health risks is obesity, which affects Middle Childhood children from the ages of 6 - 11years of age. Therefore, how has society prevented childhood obesity and what strategies can be implemented to develop and promote awareness of physical activity amongst children? If young children are to be educated and advised about the important benefits of physical activity and healthy lifestyleRead MoreChildren Are Our Pillars For Tomorrow Essay1720 Words   |  7 PagesChild Study Project Children are our pillars for tomorrow. It is therefore important to study children at different ages. The main goal of this project is to understand child development by using case study method along with child observations and parent interview. Given the circumstances of long distance, Skype is used to observe the child and conduct the parent interview. Matthew, who was born and raised in Hong Kong, is an outgoing and smart 7th grader. He is a 10-year-old Chinese boy growingRead MoreEssay on Developments in Middle Childhood1584 Words   |  7 Pages   Children between the ages of 8-12 are defined as being within the developmental stage of middle childhood.   At this age, the rapid development of previous stages has decreased and the physical changes within this period are slower and more defined.   The refinement of gross and fine motor skills is a critical aspect of this stage as the delayed or retarded development can have significant impact on the areas of cognitive, social and emotional development.   In order to ensure children are equippedRead MoreChildhood Development : Middle Childhood1269 Words   |  6 PagesMiddle Childhood Development The middle childhood is to leave the play years to start maturing years to start adolescence (Berk, 2010). During the middle childhood, children began to have a lot physical changes. As well as, they begin to discover there identify that they are. For example, secondary sexual organs begin to develop in the boys and girls, they will confuse about identify. The puberty is the cycle when children are out of control because they will transition to leave the children to enterRead MoreThe Importance of Physical Activity Essay1229 Words   |  5 PagesPhysical Activity is undeniably good for everyone, not only does it keep you fit and healthy but when started at a young age, it can set up good habits for life. Sometimes however, people do not take care of their physical wellbeing, resulting in obesity and other eating disorders which can be detrimental to their health. Obesity is the condition of being seriously overweight. It is now considered a global health epidemic by the World Health Organization (2000) (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010). PhysicalRead MoreHow Environment Affects Middle Childhood Development970 Words   |  4 PagesHow Surrounding environment affect Middle childhood development The process of development of human from birth to death is life long, multidimensional and multidirectional and affected by multiple interacting forces. He passes from various stages of process throughout his life cycle and felt different experiences, learn something new and improved himself. Before birth, human passed from various physical developmental stages during his fetus period and after birth he tries to adjust inRead MorePhysical Activity in Primary School Children Essay1559 Words   |  7 PagesPhysical activity is crucial for a child’s development and lays the foundation for a healthy and active life. Children are becoming overweight and obese due to poor food choices and an increasing sedentary lifestyle (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010). High calorie food and increased indoor activity, such as watching television or computer games, are fuelling the unhealthy lifestyle epidemic in children. Physical activity in middle childhood, (8 to12 year olds), is a crucial component in addressing and preventingRead MoreThe Birth Weight Of A Newborn1261 Words   |  6 PagesFrom the moment a newborn is birthed into the world they begin their physical development at a larger rate than any other period of their life. The first year of life is full of rapid physical growth in all aspects such as weight, height, limb lengths and even the physical growth of internal organs. On average, the birth weight of a newborn will double by the time they reach six months old and triple at the end of their first year of life. While weight is steadily increasing there is also an expansion

Coyote Blue Chapter 20~21 Free Essays

string(26) " can talk in front of Mr\." CHAPTER 20 Nevermore Santa Barbara When Sam walked into his office Gabriella met him with a cup of coffee. â€Å"Mr. Hunter, I’d like to apologize for my behavior yesterday. We will write a custom essay sample on Coyote Blue Chapter 20~21 or any similar topic only for you Order Now I don’t know what came over me.† â€Å"That’s okay. I do.† â€Å"I hope you were able to resolve the difficulties at the Cliffs.† Sam wasn’t prepared for civility from Gabriella; it was like encountering a polite scorpion. Life was changing before his eyes. â€Å"Everything’s fine. Any calls?† â€Å"Just Mr. Aaron.† She checked her message pad. â€Å"He would like you to stop into his office if it wouldn’t be too much trouble.† â€Å"Exact words?† â€Å"Yes, sir.† â€Å"My my, has the Sugarplum Fairy been through here today?† Gabriella checked the pad. â€Å"No message, sir.† Sam smiled and walked away. Down the hall Julia told Sam to go right in. Aaron stood and smiled when Sam entered the office. â€Å"Sammy boy, have a seat. We need to talk.† Sam said, â€Å"Forty cents on the dollar, plus interest. You keep the office. I want out. That’s it. You talk.† Aaron dismissed Sam’s comment with a wave. â€Å"That’s all behind us, buddy. Cochran’s lawyer called. There isn’t going to be any lawsuit. You and I are square.† â€Å"What happened?† Sam knew he should be elated at the news, but instead he felt dread. For a moment he had relished the idea of giving up all the pretending. Now what? â€Å"No explanation. They just backed off. They apologized for the mistake. You’ll get a formal apology in the mail tomorrow. I never doubted you, kid. Not for a minute.† â€Å"Aaron, did you talk to Spagnola today?† â€Å"Just briefly. Just a social call. He was pretty heavily medicated. I’m not sure I trust him, Sam. You want to watch your back around that guy. He’s unstable.† Sam felt his ears heat up with anger. Aaron expected him to act like the betrayal had never happened. There was a time when he would have, but not now. â€Å"Forty cents on the dollar, plus interest.† Aaron lost his friendly-guy salesman’s smile. â€Å"But that’s behind us.† â€Å"I don’t think so. You’re a shit, Aaron. That doesn’t surprise me. But it does surprise me that you went after me when I was down. I thought we were friends.† â€Å"We are, Sammy.† â€Å"Good. Then you won’t mind having the papers on my desk by midweek. And you can pay the attorney fees. They’re tax deductible, you know. And if you’re late, you will need the write-off.† Sam got up and started out of the office. Aaron called after him. â€Å"We don’t have to do this now.† Without turning Sam said, â€Å"Yes we do. I do.† Sam nodded to Julia as he passed but he couldn’t muster a smile. What have I done? he thought. In his outer office Gabriella was kicked back in her chair with her skirt up around her armpits. She seemed to be hyperventilating and her eyes were rolled back in her head. â€Å"Gabriella! Again?† She pointed to his office door. Sam threw the door open, banging it against the wall and disturbing a raven that was perched in the brass hat rack just inside. Sam stormed over to the bird, barely resisting the urge to grab it and rip its feathers out. â€Å"Goddammit, I told you to stay off my secretary!† Sam shook his fist at the bird. â€Å"And what kind of bullshit did you pull over at Motion Marine to get them to drop the lawsuit? Can’t you just leave me alone?† â€Å"Why are you yelling at the bird?† The voice came from behind him. Sam looked around, his fist still threatening the raven. Coyote was standing in the opposite corner of the office by the fax machine. Sam’s anger turned to confusion. He looked at the bird, then Coyote, then the bird. â€Å"Who’s this?† â€Å"A raven?† Coyote speculated. He turned back to the fax machine. â€Å"Hey, what is this button that says ‘network’?† Sam was still looking at the bird. â€Å"It sends simultaneously to the home offices of all the companies we represent.† Coyote pushed the button. â€Å"Like smoke signals.† â€Å"What?† Sam dropped his fist, ran to the fax machine, and hit the cancel button a second too late. The display showed the transmission had gone out. Sam pulled the paper from the machine and stared at it in disbelief. Coyote had obviously lain on the copy machine to get the image. â€Å"You faxed your penis? That machine prints my name at the top of each transmission.† â€Å"The girls in the home office will think highly of you, then. Of course, they will be disappointed if they ever see you naked.† The raven squawked and Gabriella appeared at the open door. â€Å"Mr. Hunter, a gentleman is here to see you from the police department.† Coyote held the Xerox up to Gabriella. â€Å"A picture of your friend,† he offered. A sharp-featured Hispanic man in a tweed sport jacket pushed his way past Gabriella into the office. â€Å"Mr. Hunter, I’m Detective Alphonse Rivera, Santa Barbara PD, narcotics division. I’d like to ask you a few questions.† He held out a business card embossed with a gold shield, but did not offer to shake hands. â€Å"Narcotics?† Sam looked to Coyote, thinking he would have disappeared, but the trickster had stood his ground by the fax machine. On the hat rack, the raven cawed. â€Å"Nice bird,† Rivera said. â€Å"I understand they can be trained to talk.† Rivera walked to the bird and studied it. â€Å"Pig,† the raven said. â€Å"He’s not mine,† Sam said quickly. â€Å"He belongs to-† Sam looked around and Gabriella was gone from the doorway. â€Å"He belongs to this gentleman.† Sam pointed to Coyote. â€Å"And you are?† Rivera eyed Coyote suspiciously. â€Å"Coyote.† Rivera raised an eyebrow and took a notebook from his inside jacket pocket. â€Å"Mr. Hunter, I have a few questions about what went on at Motion Marine a couple of days ago. Would you prefer to talk in private?† â€Å"Yes.† Sam looked at Coyote. â€Å"Go away. Take the bird with you.† â€Å"Nazi scum,† the raven cawed. â€Å"I’ll stay,† Coyote said. Sam was on the verge of screaming. Sweat was beading on his forehead. He composed himself and turned to Rivera. â€Å"We can talk in front of Mr. You read "Coyote Blue Chapter 20~21" in category "Essay examples" Coyote.† â€Å"Just a few questions,† Rivera said. â€Å"You had an appointment with James Cable at ten. Is that correct?† â€Å"I was there for about an hour.† â€Å"I was there too,† Coyote said. Rivera turned his attention to the trickster. â€Å"Why were you there, Mr. Coyote?† â€Å"I was raising funds for NARC.† â€Å"Narc!† the raven said. â€Å"Narc?† â€Å"Native American Reform Coalition.† Rivera scribbled on a pad. Sam said, â€Å"I don’t understand. What does this have to do with narcotics?† â€Å"We think someone put hallucinogens in the coffee over at Motion Marine. Two days ago James Cable claims he was attacked by someone fitting Mr. Coyote’s description. He had a heart attack.† â€Å"I just asked him if his company would make a donation,† Coyote said. â€Å"He said no and I went away.† He had taken the Xerox of his penis from the desk and fitted it back into the fax machine. He searched the buttons. â€Å"‘Insurance commissioner, † he read as he pushed the button. â€Å"No!† Sam dove over the desk for the cancel button. Too late. He turned to Rivera. â€Å"That document wasn’t signed.† He grinned and tried to move the conversation away from his panic. â€Å"You know, I was thinking – we’ve got an Indian, a policeman, and an insurance broker. We’re only a construction worker away from the Village People.† Rivera ignored the comment. â€Å"Did you have any coffee while you were at Motion Marine, Mr. Hunter?† â€Å"Coffee? No.† â€Å"And you didn’t drink from the watercooler?† â€Å"No. I don’t understand.† â€Å"Today, three people at Motion Marine, including Frank Cochran, claim that they saw a polar bear in the offices.† Sam looked at Coyote. â€Å"A polar bear?† â€Å"We think that someone slipped them some LSD. We’re testing the water and the coffee now. We just wanted to talk to anyone who has been in the building in the last two days. You didn’t see anyone strange hanging around while you were in the building?† â€Å"I only saw Cable’s secretary and Cable,† Sam said. Rivera flipped the notebook closed. â€Å"Well, thanks for your time. If you have any strange reactions or see anything strange, could you give me a call?† Rivera handed a card to Coyote. â€Å"And you too, if you would.† â€Å"Cabron,† the raven said. â€Å"He speaks Spanish, too,† Rivera said. â€Å"Amazing.† The detective left the office. â€Å"‘Santa Barbara News-Press advertising, † Coyote read as he pushed the button. The fax machine whirred. Sam started to go for the machine, then stopped and sat down in his chair. He sat for a minute rubbing his temples. â€Å"If that cop runs a background check on me, I’m going to jail. You know that, don’t you?† â€Å"You wanted your old life back.† â€Å"But a fucking polar bear?† â€Å"Well, you have your old life back, whether you want it or not.† â€Å"I was wrong.† It felt good saying it, the honesty in it. He wanted a new life. â€Å"I just want you to go away.† â€Å"I’m gone,† Coyote said. â€Å"The girl is gone too.† â€Å"What does that mean?† The feathers on Coyote’s shirt turned black and his fingers changed to flight feathers. In an instant Coyote was a raven. He flew out the office door followed by the raven from the hat rack. CHAPTER 21 All Happy Families Santa Barbara Calliope stood in the driveway, holding Grubb, waiting for Lonnie to return. Nina had been right: she wasn’t very good at worrying, but she was giving it a good effort. She was sure that Lonnie wouldn’t hurt her or Grubb, but then again, Lonnie had never acted the way he had the night before. She wished that she could have asked Sam to stay with her and help her with a decision, but it would have been too much to ask so soon. She wished, too, that there were phones at the ashram and that she could call her mother for advice. And she couldn’t just jump in the car and drive to see her mother as she always had before. She had her job, her house, and there was Sam now. She was trying to push the dark specter of the unknown to the back of her mind when she heard the Harley approaching. She looked up to see Lonnie rounding the corner a block away, his new girlfriend clinging to him like a leech. Lonnie pulled into the driveway next to her and killed the engine. â€Å"I’m late for work,† Calliope said, wiping a trail of drool from Grubb’s face with her finger. The woman behind Lonnie glared at her and Calliope nodded to her and said, â€Å"Hi.† Lonnie reached for Grubb without getting off the bike. Calliope hugged Grubb close. She said, â€Å"I don’t want him riding on the bike with you.† Lonnie laughed. â€Å"The way you drive? He’s a hell of a lot safer on the bike.† â€Å"Please, Lonnie.† The woman reached out and took Grubb from Calliope. The baby began to cry. â€Å"He’ll be fine,† Cheryl hissed. â€Å"Why can’t you just stay at home with him?† Calliope asked. â€Å"Places to go, people to meet,† Lonnie said. â€Å"I could get Yiffer to watch him.† Calliope felt her breath coming hard. She didn’t like the look of this hard woman holding her Grubb. Lonnie said, â€Å"You tell Yiffer to watch his ass or I’ll shoot it off.† â€Å"Lonnie, I have to go. Can’t you just stay here? I’m only working the lunch shift today.† Lonnie grinned. â€Å"Aren’t you going to stop by the hospital on your way home?† â€Å"Hospital? No. Why?† Lonnie fired up the Harley. â€Å"No reason.† He laughed and coaxed the big bike around in the driveway. As he gunned the engine and pulled into the street Cheryl shouted, â€Å"Don’t worry, bitch, we’ll put a dollar on black for you.† Over the roar of the Harley, Calliope could hear the woman grunt as Lonnie elbowed her in the ribs. Calliope saw Grubb looking at her as they rounded the corner. Panic tore at her chest as what the woman had said sunk in. She turned and ran back up the steps. -=*=- By late afternoon the contractors had replaced Sam’s sliding glass door and patched the bullet holes in the walls. Sam canceled the week’s appointments, which gave him time alone with his thoughts. He soon found, however, that his thoughts, like monkeys in church, were bad company. He tried reading to distract himself, but he found that he was simply looking at the pages. He tried napping, but as soon as he closed his eyes, images of Coyote and the police filled his head. When the worry became too much for him he thought of Calliope, which set off a whole new set of worries. What had Coyote meant, â€Å"The girl is gone†? Did it matter? She was trouble. Too young, too goofy, probably too attractive. And the kid – he didn’t need a kid in his life either. Trouble. If she had gone somewhere he probably was better off. He didn’t need the hassles. That thought still bouncing through his mind, he grabbed the phone and dialed her number. No answer. He called information and got the number for the Tangerine Tree Cafe. She hadn’t shown up for work today. Where in the hell is she? Where in the hell is Coyote? The fucker knew where she went and he wouldn’t tell. What had started as a niggling irritation turned to dread. Why in the hell does it matter? he thought. Terrifying and black, a word rose in his mind that matched his feeling. He recoiled from it, but it struck him again and again like an angry viper. Love: the sickest of Irony’s sick jokes. The place where logic and order go to die. Then again, maybe not. It was only bad if you were hiding, pretending to be something that you were not. Maybe the hiding could end. Sam got up and headed out the door in what he knew was a ridiculous effort to find Calliope. He drove to the cafe and confirmed what they had told him on the phone. Then he drove to Calliope’s house and found Yiffer and Nina getting out of the van as he pulled up. Nina said, â€Å"I don’t know where she is, Sam. She left a note saying that Lonnie had taken Grubb and she was going after him.† â€Å"Nothing about where she was going?† â€Å"Any note at all is a big step for her. She used to disappear for days at a time with no note at all.† â€Å"Fuck.† Sam started to get back in the car. â€Å"Sam,† Nina called. He paused. â€Å"The note said to tell you she was sorry.† â€Å"For what?† â€Å"That’s all it said.† â€Å"Thanks, Nina. Call me if she shows up.† Sam gunned the Mercedes out of the driveway, having no idea where he was going. He needed help. All his machines and access to information wouldn’t help. He needed a place to start. Twenty-four hours ago he would have given anything to get rid of Coyote. Now he would welcome the trickster’s cryptic, smart-assed answers – at least they were answers. He drove around town, looking for Calliope’s Z, feeling hope rise each time he spotted an orange car, and feeling it fall when it turned out not to be Calliope’s. After an hour he returned home, where he sat on his sofa, smoking and thinking. Everything had changed and nothing had changed. His life was back to normal, and normal wasn’t enough anymore. He wanted real. -=*=- At the Guild’s clubhouse Tinker was digging at a flea bite on his leg, trying to pull his grimy jeans up over heavy boots to get at the tiny invader. â€Å"Fucking fleas,† he said. The Guild’s president, Bonner Newton, let out a raucous snort. â€Å"You know what they say, bro,† Newton said. â€Å"Lie down with dogs†¦Ã¢â‚¬  A din of harsh laughter rose in the room from the other Guild members. â€Å"Fuck you guys,† Tinker said, feigning anger while enjoying the attention. It wasn’t that he liked ugly chicks, but who else would have him? Nineteen of the twenty full members of the Guild were draped over furniture and sprawled on the floor, smoking joints and cigarettes, drinking beers and feeling at the few old ladies present. Outside, two strikers, members who had not earned their full colors, sat on the front porch watching for the law. The house was a ramshackle stucco bungalow that had been built in the 1930s as part of a housing tract, before the term housing tract was part of the language. The walls were stained with blood, beer, and vomit. The carpet was matted with motor oil; the furniture was minimal and distressed. Only Tinker actually lived at the clubhouse. The rest of the club used it for meeting and partying. The Guild had paid a hundred thousand dollars in cash for the house. The deed was registered under Newton’s married sister’s name, as was the ranch house the Guild owned in the Santa Lucia Mountains above Santa Barbara, which housed the lab that provided their income. Ironically, the ranch’s nearest neighbor was a wobbly-headed ex-president who had declared a war on drugs, and who, from time to time, would stand on the veranda of his palatial ranch house sniffing the odor of cooking crank and calling, â€Å"Mommy, there’s a funny smell trickling down out here.† The lab produced enough income to support all of the Guild’s members and ensure that none of them had to work except to man the counter of the Harley-Davidson shop that Bonner Newton used to launder drug money. Newton held an M.B.A. from Stanford. In an earlier time, before he fell from grace for smuggling cocaine, he had stalked the glass-cube buildings of Silicon Valley, wearing Italian suits and commanding crews of brilliant computer designers who could define the universe in terms of two digits, explain the chaos theory in twenty-five words or less, and build machines that emulated human intelligence – but who thought a vulva was a Swedish automobile. Newton’s experience in coddling these genius misfits served him well as president of the Guild, for the members of the Guild were nothing more than nerds without brains: fat, ugly, or awkward men who found no acceptance in the outside world and so escaped into the security and belonging of an outlaw biker club. A Harley-Davidson and blind loyalty were the only requirements for membership. â€Å"Listen up, you fucks,† Newton said, calling the meeting to order. â€Å"Bitches outside.† He paused and lit a cigarette while the women filed out the door, glaring at him over their shoulders. He was not a large or imposing man compared to the other members, but his authority was not to be questioned. â€Å"Lonnie’s not here yet,† Tinker said. â€Å"Lonnie’s running an errand for us,† Newton said. â€Å"We’re going to take an impromptu road trip. A little business and a little pleasure.† â€Å"Fuckin’ A,† someone yelled. Newton gestured for quiet. â€Å"Seems like someone forgot to tell me that we were running low on ether up at the facility.† Newton always referred to the crank lab as â€Å"the facility.† Tinker stopped scratching his leg and hung his head. â€Å"Tink, you fucking idiot,† someone said. â€Å"Anyway,† Newton continued, â€Å"I wasn’t able to arrange a delivery, so we have to go get it. There’s a rally in South Dakota in a couple of days. At Sturgis. The Chicago chapter is going to meet us there with a couple of barrels. I want three fifty-five-gallon drums rigged with false tops so if we get stopped by the law it looks like we’re hauling motor oil. Tinker, you’ll drive the pickup.† â€Å"Aw, come on, Newt,† Tinker whined. â€Å"Warren,† Newton said. A thin biker with curly red hair looked up. â€Å"You fix one of the barrels for weapons, and make sure no one is packing. I don’t want any weapons on anyone while we’re riding.† A series of snorts, moans, and â€Å"Oh, fucks† passed around the room. Newton dismissed them with a wave. â€Å"Advice from the Gator,† he said. Gator was short for the litigator, the Guild’s attorney, Melvin Gold, who handled all their criminal cases free of charge in exchange for the assurance that he could also handle their personal injury suits. Bikers got run over a lot. â€Å"Look,† Newton insisted, â€Å"half of you are on probation. We don’t need some rookie pig looking for glory to fuck us on a concealed-weapons charge. Are we clear?† Newton paused until someone answered, â€Å"We’re clear.† â€Å"All right, then. Lonnie’s making a run to Vegas with his old lady to get the money to pay for the ether. He’ll meet us in South D. We’re out of here at nine tomorrow morning, so don’t get too fucked up tonight. Bring your camping shit. Let your bitches carry your stash.† Newton dropped his cigarette and ground it out on the carpet. â€Å"That’s all,† he said. The room filled with conversations about the trip. A few of the members got up to leave. When they opened the door a single flea hopped out with them. Once past the steps the flea changed into a horsefly and took flight. A block away the horsefly changed into a raven and headed toward the mesa and the Cliffs condominium complex. How to cite Coyote Blue Chapter 20~21, Essay examples

Biovail Corporation Revenue Recognition and FOB Sales Accounting Background Sample Essay Example For Students

Biovail Corporation: Revenue Recognition and FOB Sales Accounting Background Sample Essay Late on October 9. 2003. David Maris. an analyst at Banc of America Securities ( BAS ) . was seeking to construe the flooring events of the old few yearss and complete the write-up of his first study on the Canadian pharmaceutical house. Biovail Corporation. Maris didn’t like what he saw at the company. but he neer liked composing â€Å"Sell† recommendations. In any event. he wanted to do certain he was giving the best advice to his investing clients. Biovail Corporation was one of Canada’s largest publically traded pharmaceutical companies. 1 For many old ages. Biovail had applied advanced drug-delivery engineerings to better the clinical effectivity of medical specialties. The company commercialized its merchandises. both straight ( in Canada ) and through strategic spouses ( internationally ) . Historically. its chief curative countries of focal point had been cardinal nervous system upsets. hurting direction. and cardiovascular disease. Biovail’s nucleus competence was its expertness in the development and large-scale fabrication of pharmaceutical merchandises. It leveraged this expertness by concentrating on ( 1 ) enhanced preparations of bing drugs. ( 2 ) combination merchandises that incorporated two or more different curative categories of drugs. and ( 3 ) difficult-to-manufacture generic pharmaceuticals. In the United States. Biovail distributed a figure of pharmaceutical merchandises. These included Zovirax ® unction and pick ( topical anti-viral drugs ) and Cardizem ® LA ( for high blood pressure ) . which were marketed by strategic spouses. In add-on. Biovail distributed a figure of branded off-patent merchandises referred to as â€Å"Legacy† merchandises. The Legacy merchandises portfolio included the well-known trade names Cardizem ® Cadmium. Ativan ® . Vasotec ® . Vaseretic ® . and Isordil ® . These merchandises were non actively promoted by Biovail and represented non-core ass ets for which patent protection had 1 Biovail’s stock was listed on both the Toronto and New York stock exchanges. As a foreign private issuer. Biovail filed one-year studies to the U. S. SEC on Form 20-F and equipped interim fiscal statements on Form 6-K. In 2003 Biovail included in its one-year and interim studies fiscal statements supposedly prepared in conformity with both U. S. and Canadian by and large accepted accounting rules ( GAAP ) . Craig Chapman. Senior Lecturer. Kellogg School of Management. prepared this instance specifically for the Harvard Business Publishing Brief Case Collection. This instance was prepared entirely as a footing for category treatment and non as an indorsement. a beginning of primary informations. or an illustration of effectual or uneffective direction. This instance was developed from published beginnings. Copyright  © 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College. To order transcripts or bespeak permission to reproduce stuffs. name 1-800-545-7685. write Harvard Business Publishing. Boston. MA 02163. or travel to http: //www. hbsp. Harvard University. edu. This publication may non be digitized. photo copied. or otherwise reproduced. posted. or transmitted. without the permission of Harvard Business School. The Truck Accident and Revised Net incomes GuidanceA few yearss before. Biovail had released counsel for the one-fourth ended September 30. 2003. bespeaking that grosss would be in the scope of $ 215 million to $ 235 million3 and net incomes per portion of $ 0. 35 to $ 0. 45. 4 both below antecedently issued counsel. The company stated in its imperativeness release that the loss of gross and income was associated with a important in-transit shipment loss of Wellbutrin ® XL. Biovail’s antidepressant merchandise. due to a traffic accident that contributed significantly to this unfavourable discrepancy. Equally far as Maris was cognizant. this was the first clip that Biovail had missed its quarterly counsel. After go forthing Biovail’s fabrication installation in Manitoba. Canada. on September 30. 2003. a truck transporting a cargo of Wellbutrin ® XL. edge for the North Carolina installation of one of Biovail’s strategic partners—a major international pha rmaceutical company that distributed the merchandise ( the Distributor ) . was involved in a multi-vehicle traffic accident near Chicago. Illinois. at about 3 p. m. Central Daylight Time the undermentioned twenty-four hours. Eight people were killed and 16 injured in the accident. when an 18-wheeler plowed into the dorsum of a circuit coach. which so collided with Biovail’s contract bearer. All the human deaths were on the coach. 5 Biovail announced that the merchandise on the truck might still be saleable in the hereafter. However. it would necessitate to be returned for review to Biovail’s fabrication installation in Manitoba to guarantee that it was still within acceptable specifications. The company estimated that gross associated with this cargo was in the scope of $ 10 million to $ 20 million and confirmed that the fabrication cost value of this cargo had been to the full insured. Biovail’s most recent filing with the U. S. Securities Exchange Commission stated that they recognized merchandise gross revenues gross when the merchandise was shipped to the client provided that the house had non retained any important hazards of ownership or future duties with regard to the merchan dise shipped. Gross from merchandise gross revenues was recognized cyberspace of militias for estimated merchandise returns. callbacks. discounts. and chargebacks. These militias were established in the same period in which the related merchandise gross revenues were recorded and were based on estimations of the proportion of merchandise gross revenues capable to return. callback. discount. or chargeback. In a conference call following the net incomes counsel. Biovail’s main fiscal officer. Brian Crombie. told analysts that Biovail’s contract with the Distributor had title alteration in Manitoba when it left the transportation dock ( FOB transporting point ) . 6 However. unknown to Crombie. an employee from the Distributor had antecedently called and emailed Kenneth Howling. Biovail’s frailty president of Finance who reported to Crombie. to rectify the statement about when rubric to the merchandise passed to the Distributor. The understanding between Biovail and the Distributo r provided that rubric to. and hazard of loss with regard to. the merchandise would non hold passed to the Distributor until the merchandise was delivered to the Distributor’s installation ( FOB finish ) . The Response of Other AnalystsOn October 3. 2003. instantly following the proclamation of the truck accident. Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce announced that it was cutting its stock evaluation on Biovail to Sector Performer from Sector Outperformer and taking the company from the Special Research Series ( SRS ) . efficaciously discontinuing coverage of the stock. The grounds given for the downgrade cited on-going production holds and operational uncertainnesss at Biovail. 7 In contrast. J. P. Morgan Securities Inc. was more cheerful. 8 On October 9. 2003. analysts at that place reiterated their â€Å"Overweight† evaluation on Biovail. foregrounding that ( I ) Biovail remained house on its estimation of $ 10 million to $ 20 million in Wellbutrin ® XL grosss lost in the accident. ( two ) Biovail’s low quality of net incomes in the yesteryear should non be intelligence to those familiar with Biovail. and ( three ) hapless net incomes quality doesn’t equal bad a ccounting. Charles Darwin And Imperialism England Went Through Dramatic Changes I EssayMaris felt that Biovail should non be able to enter gross from the sale of the drugs in the truck in the 3rd one-fourth. It merely didn’t feel right. However. he wanted to do certain that he truly understood the effects of the accident on the house before he signed off on his Sell recommendation. Assignment Questions1. 2. 3. 4. How many truckloads of merchandise are really required to transport $ 10 million of merchandise? Show your computations. 19 How should the company acknowledge gross based upon the two possible FOB contract constructions mentioned in the instance? Why? How does the accident affect the declared grosss under the different FOB contract constructions? Explain your logical thinking. Are you concerned about the company’s intervention of analysts who cover the stock? Would you desire to be an analyst covering this company? 16 High profile illustrations included accusals of channel dressing at Bristol Myers Squibb. ClearOne Communications. Coca- Cola. and Sunbeam. hypertext transfer protocol: //sec. gov/litigation17 hypertext transfer protocol: //sec. gov/interps/account/sabcodet13. htm ( April 28. 2006 ) 18 By comparing. under International Financial Reporting Standards ( IFRS ) . gross was by and large recognized when all the undermentioned conditions were met: the important hazards and wagess of ownership of the goods have been transferred to the purchaser ; the marketer keeps neither go oning managerial engagement nor effectual control over the goods sold ; the sum of gross can be measured faithfully ; it is likely that the economic benefits associated with the dealing will flux to the marketer ; and the costs incurred or to be incurred in regard of the dealing can be faithfully measured. 19 It may be easier to change over all length dimensions to centimetres ( centimeter ) before ciphering volumes. Amalgamate Statements of Income ( Loss ) of Biovail Corporation ( In US $ 1000s. except per portion informations ) Three Months Ended June 30 2003 2002 Six Months Ended June 30 2003 2002 $ 284. 644 6. 273 117. 756 408. 673 48. 744 39. 819 103. 106 86. 407 84. 200 ( 34. 055 ) 328. 221 80. 452 4. 702 ( 19. 489 ) 6. 664 72. 329 10. 350 $ 61. 979 $ 0. 39 $ 0. 39 $ 287. 642 11. 515 41. 227 340. 384 77. 007 24. 921 78. 318 26. 528 0 0 206. 774 133. 610 2. 561 ( 11. 797 ) ( 66 ) 124. 308 8. 700 $ 115. 608 $ 0. 76 $ 0. 70 Gross Product gross revenues Research and development Co-promotion. royalty and licensing Expenses Cost of goods sold Research and development Selling. general and administrative Amortization Acquired research and development Colonies Operating income Interest income Interest disbursal Other income Income before proviso for income revenue enhancements Provision for income revenue enhancements Net income ( loss ) Net incomes ( loss ) per portion – Basic Earnings ( loss ) per portion – Diluted Long-run investings Property. works and equipment. cyberspace Goodwill. cyberspace Intangible assets. cyberspace Other assets. net Entire Assets Liabilities Current Accounts collectible Accrued liabilities Income revenue enhancements collectible Deferred gross Current part of long-run duties Entire Current Liabilities Deferred gross Long-term duties Total Liabilities Shareholders’ Equity Common portions Stock options outstanding Executive Stock Purchase Plan loans Deficit Accumulated other comprehensive income ( loss ) Total Shareholders’ EquityEntire Liabilities plus Shareholders’ Equity $ 74. 568 100. 836 42. 096 11. 321 92. 285 321. 106 16. 200 749. 328 1. 086. 634 $ 71. 641 95. 289 35. 691 19. 947 122. 590 345. 158 18. 200 624. 760 988. 118 1. 443. 956 4. 678 ( 9. 988 ) ( 518. 434 ) 23. 597 943. 809 $ 2. 030. 443 1. 433. 624 4. 856 ( 9. 988 ) ( 580. 413 ) ( 2. 393 ) 845. 686 $ 1. 833. 804 Senior Management Profiles at Biovail Corporation Brian Crombie is a Canadian citizen and a occupant of Mississauga. Ontario. and has been Biovail Corp’s main fiscal officer since May 2000. Crombie came to Biovail from The Jim Pattison Group. one of Canada’s largest private retention companies. During his term of office at that place. he served as Managing Director. Corporate Finance. where he was responsible for corporate development and exchequer. From 1990–1997. Crombie held a series of increasingly senior finance and general direction places with The Molson Companies ; as Senior Vice-President. Corporate Finance and Treasurer. he was responsible for be aftering. accounting and control. corporate development. exchequer and investor dealingss. Previously. Crombie worked for the Walt Disney Company. He besides has an MBA from The Harvard Business School. Eugene Melnyk ( born May 1959 ) is a Canadian citizen and a occupant of St. Philip. Barbados. Melnyk founded Biovail Corp. and has served as its president and as a manager since March 1994. Harmonizing to SEC filings. Melnyk owns over 27 million portions in Biovail. stand foring about 18 % of the common stock outstanding. Melnyk has been Biovail’s main executive officer since December 2001 and. harmonizing to Wikipedia. purchased the Ottawa Senators hockey nine of the NHL and their sphere. Scotiabank Place. out of bankruptcy in August 2003. Harmonizing to the Canadian Globe and Mail. Mr. Melnyk was one of the highest-paid Canadian executives in 2001 and 2002. He took place over $ 120 million and $ 60 million ( Canadian ) in wage and net incomes from exerting corporate stock options in 2001 and 2002 severally. John Miszuk is a Canadian citizen and a occupant of Mississauga. Ontario. Miszuk has been VicePresident. Controller. and Assistant Secretary of Biovail Corp. since June 2000. Miszuk joined the Company in July 1990 as Controller of an affiliate company and was appointed Corporate Controller in March 1994. In November 1997 he was appointed Vice President. Cont roller. Prior to fall ining Biovail. Miszuk occupied senior fiscal direction places for Becton Dickinson Canada Inc. including Manager of Planning and Analysis and Manager of Financial Accounting. His old experience includes fiscal places with Intercraft Industries Canada and Fruehauf Canada Inc. Kenneth G. Howling is a U. S. citizen and a occupant of Toronto. Ontario. He became the Company’s main fiscal officer in 1997 and was promoted to be Biovail’s frailty president of finance in 2000. In 2003 he assumed extra duties for external communications to investors and analysts when his rubric changed to Vice President. Finance and Corporate Affairs. He is a Certified Public Accountant licensed in New Jersey. but is non a Canadian chartered comptroller. Beginning: Bio information compiled from â€Å"Crombie Named to Board. † Missisauga News. October 28. 2008 ; Biovail imperativeness release. â€Å"Biovail Announces Changes to Executive Team. † August 4. 2004 ; World Wide Web. wikipedia. com and World Wide Web. patronsofsport. com profiles ( Melnyk ) ; World Wide Web. portfolio. com/resources/executive-profiles and Biovail web site World Wide Web. biovail. com ( Miszuk and Howling ) .